Tartar and plaque: what’s the difference?

Plaque is soft, and the patient can remove it on their own when brushing their teeth.

Tartar is the last stage of plaque, which was not removed in time, it rebelled and began to strengthen.

It is like snow that is not removed in time, which will sooner or later turn into ice.

What can tartar lead to if it is not removed?

• Provokes the occurrence of caries, gum disease / periodontitis /, which can lead to tooth loss
• Teeth begin to darken and become dull
• Provokes the appearance of bad breath
• Can cause diseases of the gastrointestinal tract

In order to keep your teeth healthy, you need to brush your teeth thoroughly and regularly and have professional hygienic comprehensive dental cleaning done twice a year with professional dental equipment.

The procedure of professional teeth cleaning is carried out in three stages

1. Ultrasonic cleaning / ultrasonic scaling and cleaning of interdental spaces /.
   Ultrasonic cleaning is the most effective method for removing tartar.
   Usually, the hardest tartar is located under the gums and due to the ultrasonic vibrations, it is cleaned and washed out with water.
   Even hard-to-reach areas of the teeth from the outside and inside are treated with ultrasound.
2. Removal of plaque with Profiflex or Air Flow devices
   At this stage, a special abrasive mixture is used to remove plaque.
   The procedure is carried out by a special device that generates a powerful jet of soda, water and air.
   A moving air stream with abrasive particles under high pressure removes plaque.
3. Teeth polishing
   Teeth polishing is carried out with abrasive pastes, polishing systems using special brushes and various granular pastes.

This stage is designed to prevent further rapid deposition of stone and plaque. Teeth become glossy, and a person can clean plaque with a regular brush on their own
Finally, a fluoride gel is applied to the teeth.

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Oral diseases are common non-communicable diseases that bring discomfort and pain to people throughout their lives.

Caries is the most common among the evaluated disorders. The pathological process is accompanied by a change in the color of enamel, softening of hard tissue. The presence of a wide range of harmful products, constant stress, consumption of alcoholic beverages and smoking have led to the fact that 95-98% of the population has such a problem.

The main causes of dental caries:

• A favorable environment for the development of bacteria, which is formed due to the lack of regular proper cleaning;
• malnutrition with an excessive consumption of carbohydrates;
• damage to internal organs and systems;
• constant stress, up to the development of depression.

Lack of oral prophylaxis leads to periodontitis – a disease of the periodontal tissues. It is accompanied by bleeding, gingivitis (swollen gums), loose and shifting teeth, and bad breath.

Untreated tooth decay can lead to periodontitis, an inflammatory process that gradually destroys the bone tissue near the root of the tooth. It is manifested by lingering pain in a certain place, throbbing painful sensations, pus discharge, tooth mobility, fever and general deterioration of the condition.

Chronic periodontitis often proceeds without any symptoms. The patient seeks help too late, when the affected tooth can no longer be saved. That is why we emphasize proper nutrition and oral hygiene. These simple methods can keep your smile healthy and beautiful.

For home brushing, be sure to choose the right toothbrush. It is desirable to choose a medium hard toothbrush to clean the oral cavity well without traumatizing the gums. You need to change it every 1-4 months, depending on the specific variant.

Pharmacies and stores sell two main types of toothpastes: hygienic (have a purely cleansing and refreshing effect) and therapeutic and prophylactic (designed to prevent caries, periodontal diseases and oral mucosa). The composition of the latter includes biologically active additives, so you should choose toothpaste carefully, following the recommendations of the dentist.

Instead of the usual toothpicks, after eating, it is better to use a floss. Dental floss made of synthetic fibers cleans the interdental spaces well, prevents tooth decay and inflammation of the gums.

In addition, take care of what to rinse your mouth for prevention. It is enough to fill your mouth with plain water and make short baths. It is more effective to use special rinses, but it is safer to choose them with your doctor.

If you often consume drinks with coloring pigment, rarely or incorrectly carry out hygienic procedures, then it is worth resorting to professional cleaning.

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Vitamins are not a panacea: proper and regular oral hygiene is important
Of course, eating a healthy diet is important, but it’s much more important to spend enough time on oral hygiene.

In most cases, oral hygiene involves brushing your teeth in the morning and evening. On one hand, this is better than not brushing at all at night, but on the other hand, it’s not enough to keep your teeth and gums healthy.

Doctors’ oral hygiene tips for patients:

It is a top priority for every person, regardless of lifestyle, hobbies, or religion, to maintain a thorough oral hygiene routine.

At the same moment, it is also important what products are included in the diet, because the lack of useful microelements also affects the health of teeth and gums.

What happens if there are not enough vitamins and minerals in the body?

Deficiency of useful elements in the body leads to weakening of gum tissue and worsens blood circulation in them, as a consequence, teeth become brittle and vulnerable to disease: caries develops, chipping occurs.

In addition, the patient develops a mild inflammation of soft tissues – gingivitis, which is accompanied by bleeding and bad breath. Further, if the patient ignores the problem, gingivitis develops into periodontitis, and then into periodontal disease.

What vitamins and minerals strengthen the teeth

So that you do not get confused about what vitamins are useful for teeth and gums, we will divide them into two groups: the first for maintaining healthy bones and tissues of the teeth, the second – for gums and mucosa.

Calcium
Calcium for teeth is an essential micronutrient.

99% of the calcium in the human body is found in the bones and teeth. It is calcium that makes teeth strong, and its deficiency – leads to chips and cracks.

Phosphorus
Like calcium, most of the phosphorus is found in bones and teeth. Moreover, phosphorus participates in the metabolic processes with calcium: they form insoluble salts that strengthen teeth.

In our diet there are enough foods that contain phosphorus (which ones – read below), so in most cases, the human body always has enough of this trace element.

Vitamin D
Vitamin D is important for maintaining healthy teeth and increasing their mineral density.

Also, vitamin D plays another important role. It acts as a catalyst for the absorption and entry of calcium into the bloodstream. On its own, calcium is not absorbed, so if there is not enough vitamin D, the bones weaken.

Vitamin D enters the human body when exposed to sunlight, so in clear weather, you don’t have to worry about a lack of it.

Magnesium
Like vitamin D, magnesium improves the absorption of calcium and contributes to the proper formation of the structure of the teeth and the entry of useful elements into the dentin.

Lack of magnesium in the body leads to incomplete absorption of calcium and an increased risk of periodontitis.

Vitamin C
Vitamin C supports the connective tissues of the gums and bone health.

A deficiency of the vitamin in the body causes even healthy teeth to loosen and gums to become weak, inflamed and bleeding. In other words, gingivitis develops.

Also, vitamin C prevents the formation and accumulation of plaque around the teeth.

Vitamin A
The vitamin maintains the health of tooth enamel and the mucous membrane that covers the gums and cheeks.

Deficiency of the vitamin leads to tooth mobility and gum disease.

Vitamin K2
Strengthens the gums and promotes the production of the protein osteocalcin, which keeps bones and teeth strong.

Deficiency of the vitamin leads to gum disease and all its associated factors (bleeding, bad breath, loose teeth).

Vitamin B9 and folic acid
Vitamin B9 and folic acid are practically the same thing. The difference is that vitamin B9 is natural and found in foods, while folic acid is an artificially synthesized supplement.

Regardless of the origin (artificially created supplements or natural elements in foods), folate has a positive effect on the processes in the circulatory system and strengthens the gums.

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The power of proper nutrition

To maintain the attractiveness of the smile, it is important to follow a few simple rules. These include daily hygiene, regular visits to the dentist, and a balanced diet. A well-balanced diet can solve many problems. Consumption of the right foods has the following effects on oral health:

• prevents the destruction of bone structures;
• is the prevention of dental caries and other diseases;
• fights plaque and pathogenic bacteria;
• massages the gums;
• improves mucosal function.

Food is not a panacea for all ills, it does not guarantee that the teeth will be strong and healthy. However, it is an important part of the prevention of dental problems, together with other methods gives impressive results.

What to include in the menu to preserve enamel

Poor hygiene and poor diet are often the cause of enamel thinning. To prevent or suspend the process of destruction of the protective shell of the teeth, you need to add to the diet:

• Green vegetables. Many of them contain a large number of useful elements and fiber. At the moment of chewing vegetables, saliva is produced, which washes away bacteria, naturally cleaning teeth from plaque.
• Natural yogurt and cheese. Dairy products are rich in casein, which is a source of calcium and phosphorus. These two minerals are especially important for strengthening the hard shell of the teeth.
• Fish and seafood. Dentists believe that the effects of regular consumption of omega-3 fatty acids are comparable to deep fluoridation. Seafood contains many vitamins and trace elements. Shellfish are especially rich in iodine, calcium, phosphorus and fluoride. Therefore, to prevent the destruction of enamel, it is necessary to necessarily consume salmon, trout and other varieties of fish, as well as a variety of seafood.
• Green tea. It contains catechins (strong antioxidants), 20 amino acids, fluoride, calcium and other trace elements. The drink has a positive effect on enamel, freshens breath, kills pathogenic microbes, protects the surface of the teeth.
• A separate point is worth emphasizing the useful properties of water. Properly adjusted drinking regime promotes the secretion of saliva, neutralizing harmful microorganisms.

Foods and beverages that color enamel

There are many factors that affect the color of teeth, and one of them is food dyes. The list of beverages and foods that can negatively affect a whiter smile includes:

• Coffee and black tea. These two favorite drinks of many people are the “real enemies” of white enamel. Coffee contains cocoa butter, saturated carbohydrates, sugars, and tea contains a large amount of tannins. All these substances have a negative effect on the teeth. Coloring pigments actively penetrate into the porous structure of the protective layer, and the enamel gradually becomes yellow or dark brown.
• Carbonated drinks. A huge amount of sugar and acids wash out calcium, gradually destroying the upper layer of teeth. In addition, dyes settle in the dental tissue, because of which microcracks and caries appear.
• Natural juices. Drinks from freshly squeezed fruits and berries are of great benefit to the body, but at the same time can adversely affect tooth enamel. This is because of the acids that can lead to loosening and discoloration of the tooth surface.
• Beets. Despite the fact that the vegetable is useful, it contains a lot of chromogens that will instantly stain the surface, and if you do not brush your teeth immediately after use, the whiteness of the smile will not return for a long time.
• Candy, gum, and fruit ice. The amount of artificial colors and sugar in these products is simply off the scale. Therefore, it is better not to consume them at all, if you want to save your health.
• Wine (both red and white) also has a bad effect on enamel. The first includes tannins, which quickly color the surface, leaving ugly stains. Drinks from white grape varieties have a lot of organic acids that contribute to microcracks and susceptibility to temperature fluctuations.

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Dental implants and bridges may seem similar, both options are very different technically. When looking for the right solution to replace missing teeth, it’s important to know more about these differences and the main benefits of each.

A dental implant is a titanium post that acts as a tooth root and supports a crown. It is surgically inserted into the jawbone. It then fuses with the bone and provides a secure fixation in the desired position. After the osseointegration process is completed, an abutment is attached to the post framework. It protrudes above the gum line to provide space for the dental crown.

A dental bridge is also used to fill the space of a missing tooth. As the name implies, it bridges the gap between the teeth created by a missing tooth. The bridge must be anchored to one or more neighboring healthy teeth, which must be pre-sharpened to provide support. This allows the structure to withstand daily chewing loads. Unlike implants, dental bridges do not replace the root.

It is worth noting that placing a dental implant or bridge involves dental intervention. And before any intervention to restore the dentition, the teeth and gums are treated. Because, there should be no inflammatory processes in the oral cavity. Let’s take a closer look at the difference between a dental bridge and implantation.

THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN IMPLANTATION AND DENTAL BRIDGES

Implantation and bridge placement are two different methods for replacing missing teeth. The main differences are summarized below:

1.PERFORMING THE PROCEDURE
As stated, a dental bridge is attached to healthy teeth. During your first visit for a dental bridge, the dentist prepares the neighboring teeth. Preparation includes removing some of the enamel and grinding to reshape the contour. This is done to make room for the crown that the dentist puts on them.

The next step is to take impressions of the teeth to use as a model from which the dentures are made in the laboratory. A temporary bridge will be placed for this period. During the second visit, the dentist will remove the temporary and install the fabricated permanent bridge. He will also check it and adjust it to ensure a proper fit. A dental bridge allows you to restore one or more lost teeth.

Although the dental bridge procedure itself is less invasive than implants, the classic method of placing a bridge involves grinding down healthy teeth. Therefore, they are more vulnerable to decay. If the life of the bridge ends, cracks may appear in it. Bacteria penetrate through them and infect the teeth. This is why modern dentistry recommends dental implants as an alternative to restoring lost teeth.

2.DURATION OF TREATMENT
Implants can take 3-6 months, as the implant must fuse with the jaw bone before an abutment and dental crown can be added. If the patient has insufficient jawbone density, a sinus elevator or bone augmentation may be required. This will increase the length of treatment.

3.TYPES OF DENTAL IMPLANTS AND BRIDGES
There are different types and brands of implants. However, irrespective of the type, the implants and more specifically the stem and abutment are made of bioinert titanium. The crown can be made of ceramic, metal-ceramic or zirconia.

4.NATURAL LOOK.
When choosing a dental bridge or implant, one of the main things to consider is appearance. Dental implants have a more natural look. They fit perfectly against the gum, whereas a bridge can be noticeable. In addition, implants are the most comfortable solution. Once placed, they feel just like natural teeth and are just as durable.

5.DURABILITY
Another key factor in comparing a bridge to an implant is durability. Implants are securely anchored in the jawbone, and will last the patient for more than 20 years.

Dental bridges need to be replaced about every 10 years and require careful oral hygiene. Healthy teeth on which the bridge is fixed may be damaged by decay.

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TYPES OF IMPLANTATION FOR COMPLETE AND PARTIAL TOOTH LOSS

A huge advantage of implantation is that it helps to restore both a single missing tooth and an entire tooth row. If one or more teeth need to be restored, a separate implant (artificial tooth root) is used for each tooth unit. In cases where there are no teeth at all, this technique can be too traumatic. Therefore, implantation of edentulous jaws takes a different approach. There are two main methods:

All-On-4 implantation. Only 4 artificial roots are implanted per jaw. After that, 10-12 crowns are attached to the implants. To calculate exactly where to place the artificial roots, a computer scan is performed and a 3D model is made. This type of dental implantation is suitable if the bone loss due to jaw atrophy is small.
All-On-6 implantation. The principle of this technique is similar. Only crowns are fixed on 6 implants. Due to the fact that there are 6 implants, the “stability” of artificial teeth is increased. This type of implantation is suitable in cases where bone atrophy is already quite pronounced.

Each method of implantation has its own indications and contraindications, nuances of execution. Your dentist will help you to choose the method that is ideally suited for you.

TYPES OF IMPLANTATION ACCORDING TO THE TERMS OF EXECUTION

Depending on the method of implant placement, it may take several weeks, months or just a couple of days to restore a tooth.

CLASSIC BIPHASIC TECHNIQUE

This technique is considered the gold standard and is suitable for almost all patients. It is performed in two phases. First, the dentist cuts the gum, places the titanium implant and sutures it in place. After 10-14 days, the sutures are removed, and then wait for the artificial root to take root. Gradually, bone cells grow into the surface of the implant and securely fix it. This usually takes 4-6 months.

The time frame depends on the type and size of the implant and the individual characteristics of the body. When the artificial root has taken root, a crown is placed on it. If there is not enough bone tissue in the root due to atrophy, it is augmented. This is done with the help of an operation called a sinus elevator.

The main disadvantage of this technique is a very long interval between the installation of the implant and the crown. Thanks to the development of dentistry and the emergence of new varieties of implants, the classical technique has been modernized. This is how the following type of implantation came into being.

EXPRESS IMPLANTATION OR ONE-STAGE TECHNIQUE

It is excellent in cases where the implant is placed immediately after tooth extraction. It is placed directly on the root without cutting the gum. This helps to save time and minimize the number of interventions. After 1-2 hours, the patient leaves the dentist’s office with the implant and crown in place.

This implant technique is suitable in such cases:

• there is enough bone tissue for implantation and there are no signs of bone atrophy;
• there is no inflammation or infection of the gum;
• the neighboring teeth are healthy.

In one-stage implantation, classical implants, which consist of an artificial root and crown, and so-called monoblocs – one-piece non-disposable structures – can be used.

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Root canal treatment is the restoration and preservation of a severely damaged or infected tooth, as well as the treatment of the bone surrounding the top of the root.

Indications for endodontic treatment

When the pulp becomes infected, when bacteria enter through a deep carious cavity or as a result of trauma, it can necroticize (i.e., die). When it is damaged or necrotic, blood flow and cellular activity increase. Severe inflammation begins, followed by tissue swelling and nerve compression. The increased pressure in the pulp does not find a way out and causes pain. Thus, when paying attention to a problem tooth, it can be localized or radiating to the ear, temple, or back of the head. But even if the pain has stopped, this does not mean that the problem is solved. The symptoms are gone, but if the cause is not eliminated, the infection can spread to the surrounding bone. This is how periodontitis occurs.

Root canal treatment consists of several successive stages:

Differential diagnosis – objective and auxiliary examination methods.
Effective anesthesia
Preparation of the carious cavity – removal of affected tooth tissues, old fillings, formation of access to the tooth cavity
Isolation of the working field with cofferdam from saliva, bacteria, aggressive solutions

The microscope allows you to qualitatively clean the root system under full visual control, as well as see cracks or perforations – those factors in which treatment does not make sense. The decision to remove is made at the initial stage, and the patient does not waste time and money on ineffective treatment.

Root canal filling is either thermophilic filling (heated gutta-percha) or gutta-percha condensation. These are methods that allow you to fill the root canal cavity tightly, leaving no room for infection. The mentioned materials do not shrink, do not change the color of the tooth and do not dissolve over time. This is important, because the durability of the saved tooth depends on the quality of treatment.

After the treatment, control X-ray diagnostics of the tooth is necessary, then routinely in six months, and then once a year for the next three years.

What does pain after root canal filling mean?

After endodontic treatment, a person usually feels a characteristic pain. It is tolerable and can normally last for several days, up to a month. Pain does not determine the quality of treatment and does not necessarily indicate complications. However, it is a good reason to consult a dentist.

What should I do to avoid complications?

In order to avoid negative phenomena due to endodontic treatment, the doctor should perform X-ray control. The image should not show any darkening or transparent areas of the canals. A properly filled root canal has perfect outlines and tone without any spots or translucency.

The patient also needs to follow simple rules:

• temporarily refuse hot food
• exclude spicy spices from the diet
• do not drink alcohol
• ensure a quiet leisure time
• refrain from physical activity in the gym

Thus, effective endodontic treatment consists in sealing root canals with filling materials. In modern dentistry, heated gutta-percha is used for this purpose. Since it has a liquid consistency when heated, it perfectly fills the entire tooth canal cavity, leaving no unfilled areas. Therefore, the methods of lateral condensation of gutta-percha and thermophilic filling practically do not cause complications. In addition, you should inquire about the qualifications of the dentist performing the filling. It is important to follow the rules of hygiene and doctor’s recommendations for the post-treatment period0

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Often tooth decay is not noticeable at the initial stage, and in 70% of cases patients seek treatment when a large area of the tooth is already affected.

Neck caries is the most insidious, because it develops in areas where the enamel of teeth is the thinnest. That is why the development of dental caries is faster, and if you do not seek treatment, you can lose a tooth.

What is dental caries

Neck caries is caries that develops in the tooth’s near-peripheral area (tooth neck). Dentists classify tooth decay as “neck decay” because of the localization of the disease.

In the initial stages, caries in the vestibular area is unnoticeable and does not cause pain. As we said earlier, the disease progresses quickly: without the necessary treatment, the decay quickly affects the pulp of the tooth and the patient has painful sensations – often as the first noticeable symptom.

The structure of a tooth includes three parts:

• The crown (the visible part of the tooth);
• the neck (the closest tissue from the crown of the tooth to the gum);
• the root (we can’t see it, it’s under the gum).
• Neck area of the tooth

Very often, patients confuse “tooth root decay” with “tooth neck decay”. Below we provide an illustration that shows their differences.

Neck caries: causes of development

The causes of neck caries – can be completely different, so we will tell you about the main ones that can lead to its development.

Poor hygiene
It is insufficient oral hygiene that becomes the reason why caries develops (not only in the neck area).

Soft plaque builds up on the teeth.
Bacteria multiply in the plaque and produce organic acid.

The acid leads to tooth decay – cavities.
Good oral hygiene minimizes the development of decay in the neck and other parts of the tooth.

Gum disease
Another factor that often causes tooth decay to develop in the neck area.

Plaque and germs accumulate in periodontal pockets, which is why tooth decay develops in the neck area.

So even gingivitis (the mildest form of gum disease) can cause tooth decay in the neck area.

Enamel demineralization
Despite the fact that tooth enamel is the hardest tissue in the human body (75% is made up of inorganic substances), it can also “weaken” under the influence of various factors.

Enamel can be affected by a variety of factors:

• the patient’s diet (frequent consumption of sweet drinks, flour products, juices, wines, citrus fruits and foods high in starch);
• lack of fluoride in the body (in case of fluoride deficiency it is necessary to perform fluoridation of teeth – their saturation with fluoride);
• bad habits (smoking, alcohol consumption).

Treatment of dental caries

In general, the treatment of caries in the neck area depends on the stage of pathology. The earlier the patient applies for treatment, the more conservative and cheaper the treatment will cost.

Before treating neck caries, the doctor assesses the situation and the stage of development of pathology.

At the initial stage, when caries in the stage of a small spot, treatment is carried out by the most conservative method.

Doctors carry out:

• Professional cleaning of teeth (removal of soft plaque and tartar)
• Fluoridation and remineralization of the affected area of the tooth.
• Next, the dental therapist makes recommendations to the patient on home care of the oral cavity.

With conservative treatment of dental caries, it is necessary to keep an eye on the area where the treatment was performed and attend scheduled dental consultations – for a professional checkup.

Treatment of superficial and middle stage dental caries
If the treatment was not carried out at the initial stage and the carious area has already destroyed the first layer of enamel, the doctor removes the carious cavity and installs a photopolymer filling.

Treatment is carried out in two stages:

• Removal of the carious area.
• Restoration of the tooth using composite materials.

In some cases, to improve the aesthetics of the tooth, patients are fitted with ceramic veneers.

What will happen if you do not treat dental caries in the advanced stage?
A tooth may be so decayed that it cannot be treated. As a result, the tooth will have to be extracted.

In addition, there is another danger: a neglected tooth decay can spread to neighboring teeth and damage them (intercontact decay).

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WHERE IT COMES FROM

To cope with the problem, it will be possible only after studying the causes of its occurrence. If it comes to the odor of breath, it is:

Insufficient or poor oral hygiene. If you do not brush your teeth 2 times a day, forget about the tongue, then the odor is likely to be. It is important to treat caries and other oral pathologies in time;
stress. The hormone cortisol, released in stressful situations, can provoke the accelerated development of pathogenic microflora, in the mouth including. Some other hormones can do the same;
drinking water in insufficient quantities. The norm of 2-2.5 liters can vary depending on the human body, but if it is significantly less than the norm, then in conditions of dryness and warmth of the oral cavity, pathogens quickly multiply and provoke unpleasant odor;
diets – with severe dietary restrictions or long breaks between meals, the body burns fat for energy. This also provokes bad odor;
pathologic conditions. This includes pathologies of tonsils, sinuses, stomach, kidneys, pancreas;
infestation of the mucosa with fungus. It can be recognized by the presence of white or yellow plaque on the tongue, mucous membranes, well, and by a strong unpleasant odor.

Methods of struggle

Those who suffer from an unpleasant odor are looking for ways to get rid of it. The first is thorough oral hygiene. This includes 2 times brushing the teeth, tongue, cheeks. It is worth flossing to remove hard food particles from the interdental space. It is important to choose the right toothpaste. Bad breath in the morning will help to remove evening brushing, as well as drinking a glass of water and a solid breakfast.

Regular visits to the dentist are also important, it is actually inexpensive. If any pathologies are detected early, treatment will not only be faster, but significantly cheaper.

Odor can also provoke a strong-smelling food. If you are a fan of onions, garlic, spices, coffee, alcohol, it is worth reducing their consumption or not at all. The cost of such prevention is minimal, except for the struggle with your own habits.

It is important to eliminate mouth breathing, in which the mouth dries out, which creates an acceptable environment for bacteria, in which they instantly multiply. Before going to bed, it is worth cleaning the nasal passages, perhaps rinse the nose with a saline solution. That is, do everything to avoid problems with nasal breathing at night, because it is in sleep a person can unconsciously breathe through the mouth.

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